Sub-Saharan+Africa

=Sub-Saharan Africa =

> Pros: -"Globalization believes that human being should have greater access to vast number of goods ranging from cheap labour in third world countries to bigger overseas investments." This is good for africa because they want to be move involved with the US and their money so they can get the help that they need and everything for them to become a better country. -"Globalization is competition and reorganization, attracting countries that were in need of investment and such investment improved their economic condition." This is good because Africa gets to be able to use this because they are going down and not too much of a help to the development of the US and world, so this gives them a good chance to be able to get up and get a change to become what they want to be. -According to libertarians, globalization will help the whole world to deal with crises like unemployment and poverty. This is good for Africa because they would be the most likely country who is in need of all this.
 * South of the Sahara Dessert.
 * 1.9 million people living with HIV (http://www.unaids.org/en/CountryResponses/Regions/SubSaharanAfrica.asp)
 * Sub-Saharan Africa doesn't have any money.
 * At war with trying to save their country
 * 1,500,000 deaths from HIV/AIDSSub-Saharan Africa
 * http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/COUNTRIES/AFRICAEXT/EXTPUBREP/EXTSTATINAFR/0,,contentMDK:21106218~menuPK:3094759~pagePK:64168445~piPK:64168309~theSitePK:824043,00.html
 * HIV is one of the a key points in Africa, and has been the main problem for years now.
 * http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/3910719.stm Newest in the news poverty is growing along with the hiv

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-"The economic aspects of globalization include trade, investment and migration across the countries" Africa doesn't really do trading and investments like other countries do because they dont have as much money to do things like that with.======

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-".... slashed down the jobs and increased threats to resources in poor countries with no solution in place." This is bad because there are less and less jobs for African's wanting to be able to live and have a job to do.======

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-"Even the countries that do not have such vast resources still yet play essential role in over all global development." Africa defiantly has a big impact on this because they are a country that doesnt have a lot of vast resources, but they still have a affect against the global development.======

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Globalization is a predominately positive thing for Sub-Saharan Africa region. It seems as though globalization has been growing and is trying to be a good thing for third world countries. It's trying to get them ahead of where they need to be and up to power of how much they really do deserve and need. Other countries are loosing jobs for their people, but it seems as though Africa is not in this problem, they are in the situation of other countries getting trades, production, financial interests and ecological help.======

Africa, south of Sahara, is a region with plenty of valuable mineral resources - metals, oil and diamonds. Their political background is just the use from selling these minerals. Politics aren't really a democratic republic region. Executive power is exercised by the government. Other power is looked upon from the government. They go by leaders and not really presidents. There are presidents, but they seem it to be like a leader and someone that people are able to look up and listen to. Power there is something big because they need to get their laws together because they are such a little country and they need to be able to get it together so they need to be strict and get their stuff together.

Regional Organizations
The following is a selected list of some of the more important International Organizations dealing with Sub-Saharan Africa. For a complete listing see the Africa section of the [|Union of International Associations]. [|African Development Bank]. Premier financial development institution of Africa, dedicated to combating poverty and improving the lives of people of the continent. Includes full-text publications and project reports. [|African National Congress]. Oldest black political organization in South Africa; prominent in its opposition to apartheid. Site includes the full-text of books, discussion documents, policy papers, and more in its [|index section]. [|African Union]. Premier institution and principal organization for the promotion of accelerated socio-economic integration of the African continent. [|Common Market for Eastern Southern Africa (COMESA)]. Grouping of 21 African states, which have agreed to promote regional integration through trade & development. [|Economic Community of Central African States (ECCAS)]. Organization to promote regional economic co-operation in Central Africa. In French. [|Economic Community of West African States]. Regional group of fifteen African countries charged with promoting integration in all fields of economic activity. [|International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC): Africa]. Links to ICRC country offices in Africa. Each site typically contains background information for each programme, and reports of recent activities. [|Southern African Development Community (SADC)]. Group of South African states working to achieve economic development, alleviate poverty, enhance the quality of life of the peoples of Southern Africa. [|United Nations Economic Commission for Africa]. Regional arm of the United Nations, mandated to support the economic and social development of its 53 member States.

[]**__Energy/Environment.__** They barely have electricity. ** This is a map of electricity that Africa has. You can see that they barely have anything there. South Africa looks like it has the most energy there, but it still isnt enough for them to be able to share their energy through the country. Deforestation is one of Africa's biggest environment issue. The loss of soil fertility is effecting them really badly. They grow a lot of crops and that is one of their main resources. And without soil and crops they barely have any types of things to be able to help them survive.
 * Not too much energy in Africa.


 * ENERGY:**

William Kamkwamba, a boy living in Masitala, Africa. Poor, but tried his best to make himself happy as well as his parents. He lived in a home with no water, electric, or anything. He went to school, but it still wasnt good enough for him. He one day decided he was going to build a windmill to power his house so he could do things other kids were doing all around the world. He used blue gum trees, bicycle parts, and materials collected in a local scrapyard. He was only 14 when he build this. He wanted to turn wind into solar power for his home. This was very difficult for him to make this, and there were some struggles for him when people didnt believe in him. Only 2% of Masitalans have power, and from his experience more and more are wanting him to help and change their lives too. If he could build a windmill to be able to power a home, think of all the other things that he could do to help his country. BuildOn has been working with him and other parts of Africa to help their communities, to help build something like this to create water pumps and also some power for their homes as well.

In the Niger Delta an oil company is making its way into the realms of living conditions and human rights. Based on case studies that have been written by religious organizations Shell, the oil company that places itself in the Niger Delta, operates their company poorly. The reports claims that oil spills are not cleaned up thoroughly, environmental insecurity, devaluing the community opinion, militarization, and many other things that have an effect on the culture of the Niger Delta.
 * Energy**: Niger Delta

An Amnesty International report last year also is making the claim that poverty and despair were brought to the oil producing areas of the Delta. Although many of the issues in the Delta are effects of the government these issues can not go unseen.

"Among the report's most urgent recommendations are an end to gas flaring, provision of sustainable drinking water for communities, action to replace ageing pipelines and commencement of a major environmental audit and rehabilitation programme."

The report is also suggesting that to allievate some of the issues with the oil company training for staff that involves open dialogue and respect for communities.

The end result is helping the corporations in the Delta take responsibility for their actions in Niger.

Science and Technology
[|Information Technology in Sub-Sahara Africa] "The second largest continent is the least computerized[1], and its more than two score countries have an average telephone density that is an order of magnitude smaller than that of the European Community."  [|Sub-Sahara Africa Trails North Africa in Technology Ranking] "Despite increased uptake and positive trends by sub-Saharan African governments, North Africa continues to lead in technology adoption and preparedness."

Economy
Sub Sahara Africa represents some of the most poor economical countries in the World. Having a GDP in only the low billions of dollars, South Africa and Nigeria contribute almost half of Sub Saharan's Gross domestic product. Diamonds and oil are the top sources of income for countries in Sub Sahara Africa.

Trade
Industries within Sub-Sahara Africa include: mining (diamonds, gold, copper, cobalt, coltan, zinc), mineral processing, consumer products (including textiles, footwear, cigarettes, processed foods and beverages), cement, and commercial ship repair. Precious Metals account for the major of the trade within Sub- Sahara Africa.

[|CIA- The World Factbook]

[|History of Trade in Sub-Sahara Africa]

=Security and Terrorism= [|Terrorism Profile- South Africa] This article focuses on the different anti-terrorism laws that were put in place after the 9/11 terrorism attacks. ==[|South African Government Promises World Cup 2010 Security Against Terrorism]==

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** K e n y a : **
Donate to the Kenya education fund here: @http://www.kenyaeducationfund.org/
 * //__Education__//**

Kenya's educations system has been based on an 8-4-4 system since 1985, with eight years of primary education followed by four years of secondary school and four years of college or university. Out of all children in Kenya about 85 percent of children attend primary school, 24 percent of children attend secondary school, and 2 percent attend higher institutions.

media type="custom" key="5864679" width="40" height="48" There's this great little website call the United Nations Development Programme - Kenya. You can view the website [|here]. It talks about all of the latest development that Kenya is encountering and how it will help them make their area a better place to be. The latest news is of how 2500 guns were destroyed to help stop violence in Kenya.
 * //__Development__//**

**//__Culture__//**
Kenya's population is roughly 32 million people. Basically all are of African descent with less than 1% minorities. The main launages are English and Swahili but there are many other languages used throughout the existing tribes. Most of Kenya's residents are Christian or Muslim. The People Of Kenya love music and dance and their foods consist of mainly locally grown or raised items that are farmable. Kenya's coffee is known and loved internationally They also apparently love beer almost as much as song and dance. Kenya overall is a country rich in cultural traditions. They have developed ways as to not lose their cultural background while immersing themselves in new and exciting cultures as well. They have the "Kenya National Theatre" which is used to promost their culture to locals and to remember just how awesome they are as a culture.

=Rwanda=

Education
Literacy is [|defined] as, the number of people over the age of fifteen who can read or write. In Rwanda 70% of the population is literate. Six years of schooling is mandatory in the country but the average years of education completed is nine. The government spends 12% of its budget on education.

In Rwanda as of 2005 the cost of education in Rwanda was 3.8 and the total education was 9 years. The literacy rate in Rwanda is 70.4% with more boys being literate than girls

[|Development]
Rwanda was first conquered by Belgian in the Race for Africa. They spilt up the native people into two groups: the Hutu and the Tutsi. The Tutsi appeared to be more European and thus they were allowed to rule over the Hutu. After Rwanda gained it's independence the two groups never reached peace. In 1994, the dictator was killed and the Rwandan Genocide had begun and over 1 million people died.

The country is now trying to put it's violent past behind it and move on. Governmental efforts are trying to make Rwanda seem like a better and more prosperous place. Rwanda is trying to move past it's past by developing a strong economy.



**__[|Culture] and Society__**
In Rwanda there are two main ethnic groups the Hutu and the Tutsi, which have for a long time had a large conflict between then (currently it is somewhat more peaceful then it was in the past), as well as the two ethnic groups there are 5 official languages in Rwanda including French, English, and Kiswahili. Also Rwanda is the most densely populated country in Africa.

[[image:http://s3.amazonaws.com/bzzagent-bzzscapes-prod/oprah-winfrey-leadership-academy-foundation-lrg.png width="220" height="172" align="right"]]

 * 12.3 million students
 * 386,600 teachers
 * 26,292 schools
 * Mostly primary (grade 0-6) schools
 * Oprah Winfrey's Leadership Academy for Girls is located in South Africa

__**The World Cup 2010**__
The FIFA World Cup will be held in South Africa, a nation obsessed with Soccer. People of this nation still are thankful to Nelson Mandela for his work to help the country, and the president of FIFA hopes he will be healthy enough to open the ceremonies this June.

__**Human Rights**__
The newstrust I focused on talked about africa as a whole. and pin pointed some issues in different parts. overall they talked about how people are judged by race, gender, faith, ethnicity. some are even judged by racial classification and then denied many of them fundamental human rights. This pass month mobs in Mtwapa Township, Kenya, attacked men they suspected of being gay. many men are falsely charged and imprisoned because of their human rights.

__Human Rights in Zimbabwe__

Zimbabwe has been in the news quite a bit lately because of its violations of human rights. The government of Zimbabwe has been violating some of the most common rights that every person should have. They have been violating things such as rights to food, shelter, and protection of the law. Many governments, news agencies, and activists groups have been giving this a lot of attention because of how clearly it is of the declaration of human rights.

__Human Rights in South Africa__ In South Africa there are many issues when it comes to sexuality such as, South African men rape lesbian women in an effort to “make them straight".A number of high profile South African female athletes are lesbian and have been attacked by these men. Unfortunately, it is something ingrained deeply in the culture of South Africa that even the police seem unwilling to acknowledge.

=__**Gender **__=

Gender Issues in Sub-Saharan Africa

Article: http://www1.voanews.com/policy/editorials/Pepfar-Targets-Gender-Violence-93929709.html

In an article I found a connection was made between HIV/AIDS in Sub-Sharan Africa and the type of relationships that the woman had with her partner. The study the article is based on states that the more harsh the relationship is the more likely it is for the woman to have either HIV/AIDS. The article references the idea of gender violence which a huge problem in Southern Africa. Women are being raped by strangers and the men they are with. So the genders issues in this area lead to an increase in the number of people with HIV/AIDS.

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